To become a doctor in the US, the following conditions and steps are generally required:
Educational Background
Bachelor's Degree: You need to complete a four-year undergraduate degree. There is no specific major required for pre-med students, but it's common to choose majors in the biomedical sciences such as biology, biochemistry, etc. However, students with non-science majors can also apply to medical school as long as they fulfill the necessary academic prerequisites.
Pre-med Courses: You must complete certain prerequisite courses, including general biology, general and organic chemistry, physics, calculus and/or statistics.
Test Scores
MCAT: The Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) is a standardized exam that assesses your knowledge of biology, chemistry, physics, psychology, and critical thinking skills. A strong MCAT score is crucial for medical school admission.
English Language Proficiency: For international students, English language proficiency tests like TOEFL or IELTS are required.
Medical School Application
Application Materials: You need to submit a complete application through the American Medical College Application Service (AMCAS) or the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine Application Service (AACOMAS), including your academic transcripts, MCAT scores, letters of recommendation, personal statement, and other relevant materials.
Interviews: After the initial application review, you may be invited for interviews, which could be structured, case-based, or behavioral.
Medical School Education
Medical School Program: You have to complete a four-year medical school program, which includes two years of pre-clinical education (classroom learning in subjects like anatomy, pharmacology, pathology, and medical ethics) and two years of clinical education (hands-on training through rotations in various specialties).
USMLE Exams: During medical school, you'll take the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 and Step 2 to assess your knowledge and clinical skills.
Residency Training
Residency Program: After graduating from medical school, you need to complete a residency program in your chosen specialty, which typically lasts from three to seven years. The National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) matches you with a residency program based on your preferences and program rankings.
USMLE Step 3: During residency, you'll take USMLE Step 3, the final exam required for medical licensure.
Medical Licensure
State Medical License: Before practicing medicine, you must obtain a state medical license. Licensing requirements vary by state but generally include passing all USMLE steps, completing a residency program, and submitting an application to the state medical board.
Special Considerations for International Students
ECFMG Certification: International students must obtain certification from the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) to qualify for residency and licensure in the US. This process involves passing the USMLE exams, verifying medical school credentials, and submitting an application for ECFMG certification.